(Note: I got this photo from the Barrios's Dropbox)
From “Old Man River; the Mississippi River in North American
History”, P. Schneider
The ‘Captain’ of the Illinois nation presented Marquette with “an
altogether mysterious Calumet (peace pipe, tobacco pipe), upon which they place
great value”. The pipe itself was of carved red stone, probably in the shape of
an animal and the stem was ornamented with feathers and the heads and necks of
birds with bright plumage.
“There is nothing more mysterious or more respected among them.
Less honor is paid to the Crowns and scepters of Kings than the Savages bestow
upon this. It seems to be the God of peace and of war, the Arbiter of life and
of death. It has but to be carried upon one’s person, and displayed, to enable
one to walk safely throughout the midst of Enemies- who, in the hottest of the
Fight, lay down Their arms when it is shown.
For that reason, the Illinois gave me one, to serve as a safeguard among
all the Nations through whom I had to pass during my voyage…The also use it to
put an end to Their disputes, to strengthen Their alliances, and to speak to
Strangers.”
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When near the Arkansas River, a Natchez Indian threw
a war club, which missed, and others swam toward the French canoes. The attack
was suddenly called off, however, by a pair of elders onshore, who, according
to Marquette, finally noticed that the Black Robe was wildly waving the peace
pipe he had received from the Illinois.